Trimethylamine N oxide, choline and its metabolites are associated with the risk of non alcoholic fatty liver disease British Journal of Nutrition Cambridge Core Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link L Carnitine ((R) Carnitine) Co factor for oxidation MedChemExpress Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Low Bioavailability and High TMAO Production: Novel Insights Into Acetylcarnitine and Carnitine Metabolism KrimsDavis 2025 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Wiley Online Library